{"id":5163,"date":"2025-10-08T16:26:53","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T14:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=5163"},"modified":"2025-12-17T16:19:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T15:19:29","slug":"roughness-measurement","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/roughness-measurement\/","title":{"rendered":"Surface Analysis with System: Detailed Roughness Measurement"},"content":{"rendered":"    <section id=\"blog-post-block_80c0e9832bbf354e37e112360f29b171\" class=\"ArticleMultiCon  blog-post\"\r\n             data-uniqid=\"69e34bd1954ce\">\r\n        <div class=\"container unrules\">\r\n            <div class=\"page-breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 17\" fill=\"none\">\r\n  <path d=\"M6.01325 2.39336L2.41992 5.19336C1.81992 5.66003 1.33325 6.65336 1.33325 7.40669V12.3467C1.33325 13.8934 2.59325 15.16 4.13992 15.16H11.8599C13.4066 15.16 14.6666 13.8934 14.6666 12.3534V7.50003C14.6666 6.69336 14.1266 5.66003 13.4666 5.20003L9.34659 2.31336C8.41325 1.66003 6.91325 1.69336 6.01325 2.39336Z\" stroke=\"#3F4A50\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n  <path d=\"M8 12.4933V10.4933\" stroke=\"#3F4A50\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n<\/svg>Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"container\">\r\n            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHero\">\r\n                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroTop\">\r\n                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-08T16:26:53+02:00\">\r\n                        08\/10\/2025                    <\/time>\r\n                    <span class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroTopCat\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <h1 class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroTitle\">Surface Analysis with System: Detailed Roughness Measurement<\/h1>\r\n                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroPerson\">\r\n                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroPersonImg\">\r\n                                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroPersonData\">\r\n                        <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroPersonDataTitle\">\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroPersonDataText\">\r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                    <figure class=\"ArticleMultiConHeroImage\">\r\n                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Raunormale_Halle_KNT4058-01-768x384.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Surface\u00a0Roughness\u00a0Standards Halle KNT4058-01\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Raunormale_Halle_KNT4058-01-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Raunormale_Halle_KNT4058-01-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Raunormale_Halle_KNT4058-01-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Raunormale_Halle_KNT4058-01-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Raunormale_Halle_KNT4058-01-2048x1024.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                    <\/figure>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConWrap\">\r\n                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContent\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c599\" data-type=\"navi\">\r\n\r\n                                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenu\"><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c59f\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <ul>\n<li data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"66\">Roughness Measurement Ensures Component Function and Quality<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"347\">Different methods: tactile and optical, depending on the application<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"347\">Modern systems enable fast, precise, and automated measurements<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"347\">Standards and calibration ensure reliable results<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"347\">Practical applications across numerous industries, from automotive to medical technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"688\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Roughness measurement is a fundamental part of quality control in many industries. From automotive manufacturing to medical technology, the surface condition of components is crucial for ensuring their function and longevity. The following provides an overview of roughness measurement, from basic principles to modern measurement systems.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5a3\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Fundamentals of Surface Structure<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"442\">The analysis of surface structures begins with distinguishing between roughness and waviness. Roughness describes the microstructure of a surface, while waviness refers to macroscopic structures. Both parameters influence key properties such as friction, adhesion, and sealing. Standards like ISO 21920, ISO 4287, and ISO 25178 define the parameters and ensure comparability in measurement practice.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"594\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"521\">\n<p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"521\">Roughness and waviness describe different structural levels of a surface.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"594\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"594\" data-is-last-node=\"\">International standards establish comparability and measurement norms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5a7\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Functional Significance of Surface Roughness<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"402\">In technical applications, a defined surface roughness is required to achieve specific properties. The target roughness is chosen based on the area of application: low roughness is required for sliding bearings and cylinder running surfaces, while higher roughness may be necessary for adhesive coatings or seals. The specified roughness values are documented in drawings and technical documentation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"561\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">The economic significance lies in balancing manufacturing effort with the required surface quality, as achieving lower roughness increases production effort.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5aa\" data-type=\"quote\">\r\n\r\n                                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockQuote\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockQuoteText\">\r\n                                Note: An optimally selected surface roughness enhances a component\u2019s functionality, while values that are too high or too low can limit its performance.                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"58\" height=\"48\" viewBox=\"0 0 58 48\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                            <path d=\"M12.9182 47.7384C8.96364 47.7384 5.8 46.2997 3.42727 43.4223C1.14242 40.4578 0 36.97 0 32.9591C0 29.6458 0.615151 26.5504 1.84545 23.673C3.07576 20.7956 4.61364 18.1798 6.45909 15.8256C8.39242 13.4714 10.4136 11.4223 12.5227 9.67847C14.7197 7.84741 16.7409 6.32153 18.5864 5.10082C20.4318 3.79292 21.9258 2.83379 23.0682 2.22343C24.2985 1.61308 24.8697 1.3079 24.7818 1.3079L27.8136 5.3624C27.0227 5.71117 25.9682 6.40872 24.65 7.45504C23.3318 8.41417 22.0136 9.59128 20.6955 10.9864C19.4652 12.3815 18.3667 13.9074 17.4 15.564C16.4333 17.1335 15.95 18.6594 15.95 20.1417C15.95 21.0136 16.4773 21.8856 17.5318 22.7575C18.5864 23.5422 19.7288 24.5014 20.9591 25.6349C22.1894 26.6812 23.3318 27.9891 24.3864 29.5586C25.4409 31.0409 25.9682 32.8719 25.9682 35.0518C25.9682 36.97 25.5727 38.7139 24.7818 40.2834C24.0788 41.8529 23.1121 43.2044 21.8818 44.3379C20.7394 45.3842 19.3773 46.2125 17.7955 46.8229C16.2136 47.4332 14.5879 47.7384 12.9182 47.7384ZM45.3455 48C43.3242 48 41.4788 47.564 39.8091 46.6921C38.1394 45.8202 36.6894 44.6431 35.4591 43.1608C34.2288 41.6785 33.2621 39.9782 32.5591 38.0599C31.9439 36.0545 31.6364 33.9183 31.6364 31.6512C31.6364 27.1172 32.603 22.9319 34.5364 19.0954C36.5576 15.1717 38.7545 11.8147 41.1273 9.02452C43.9394 5.71117 47.147 2.703 50.75 0L54.5727 3.53134C53.7818 4.0545 52.8152 4.88283 51.6727 6.01635C50.6182 7.14986 49.6076 8.50136 48.6409 10.0708C47.7621 11.5531 46.9712 13.1226 46.2682 14.7793C45.653 16.436 45.3455 18.049 45.3455 19.6185C45.3455 20.6649 46.0045 21.5368 47.3227 22.2343C48.6409 22.9319 50.0909 23.8038 51.6727 24.8501C53.2545 25.8965 54.7045 27.248 56.0227 28.9046C57.3409 30.4741 58 32.6975 58 35.5749C58 37.3188 57.6485 38.9319 56.9455 40.4142C56.2424 41.8965 55.2758 43.2044 54.0455 44.3379C52.903 45.4714 51.5409 46.3869 49.9591 47.0845C48.4651 47.6948 46.9273 48 45.3455 48Z\"\r\n                                  fill=\"#049BE5\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5ad\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Key parameters and their significance<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p data-start=\"39\" data-end=\"313\">In the context of surface roughness measurement, parameters such as Ra, Rz, and Rmr play a crucial role. Ra represents the arithmetic mean of the profile deviations, Rz indicates the maximum height of the profile irregularities, and Rmr denotes the material-bearing ratio.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"522\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">ISO 21920-2:2021 provides an extended set of parameters to specifically characterize surface structures. The selection of the appropriate parameters is guided by the functional requirements of the component.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5b0\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Comparison of Surface Measurement Methods<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p data-start=\"43\" data-end=\"216\">Tactile methods use a diamond tip to scan the surface. This approach is robust and proven for many applications but reaches its limits on very smooth or delicate surfaces.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"573\">Optical methods, such as white-light interferometry or confocal technology, enable contactless measurements and offer advantages for sensitive or highly polished surfaces. In addition, optical systems provide 3D data and allow for faster overall scanning. The choice of method should be based on the surface characteristics and the intended application.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"761\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Tactile measurement: robust, established for structured surfaces.<br data-start=\"640\" data-end=\"643\" \/>Optical measurement: contactless, suitable for delicate or fine structures, provides 3D data, allows fast acquisition.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5b2\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Selection of the Appropriate Measurement Method<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p>When choosing the right measurement method, the surface characteristics, required precision, and production context are decisive. Tactile systems are suitable for robust, structured surfaces, whereas optical systems excel on sensitive or finely finished surfaces. In automated manufacturing processes and for high-volume production, optical methods are increasingly gaining importance.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5b5\" data-type=\"quote\">\r\n\r\n                                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockQuote\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockQuoteText\">\r\n                                Note: The choice of a measurement method depends on the specific application and the desired inspection speed.                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"58\" height=\"48\" viewBox=\"0 0 58 48\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                            <path d=\"M12.9182 47.7384C8.96364 47.7384 5.8 46.2997 3.42727 43.4223C1.14242 40.4578 0 36.97 0 32.9591C0 29.6458 0.615151 26.5504 1.84545 23.673C3.07576 20.7956 4.61364 18.1798 6.45909 15.8256C8.39242 13.4714 10.4136 11.4223 12.5227 9.67847C14.7197 7.84741 16.7409 6.32153 18.5864 5.10082C20.4318 3.79292 21.9258 2.83379 23.0682 2.22343C24.2985 1.61308 24.8697 1.3079 24.7818 1.3079L27.8136 5.3624C27.0227 5.71117 25.9682 6.40872 24.65 7.45504C23.3318 8.41417 22.0136 9.59128 20.6955 10.9864C19.4652 12.3815 18.3667 13.9074 17.4 15.564C16.4333 17.1335 15.95 18.6594 15.95 20.1417C15.95 21.0136 16.4773 21.8856 17.5318 22.7575C18.5864 23.5422 19.7288 24.5014 20.9591 25.6349C22.1894 26.6812 23.3318 27.9891 24.3864 29.5586C25.4409 31.0409 25.9682 32.8719 25.9682 35.0518C25.9682 36.97 25.5727 38.7139 24.7818 40.2834C24.0788 41.8529 23.1121 43.2044 21.8818 44.3379C20.7394 45.3842 19.3773 46.2125 17.7955 46.8229C16.2136 47.4332 14.5879 47.7384 12.9182 47.7384ZM45.3455 48C43.3242 48 41.4788 47.564 39.8091 46.6921C38.1394 45.8202 36.6894 44.6431 35.4591 43.1608C34.2288 41.6785 33.2621 39.9782 32.5591 38.0599C31.9439 36.0545 31.6364 33.9183 31.6364 31.6512C31.6364 27.1172 32.603 22.9319 34.5364 19.0954C36.5576 15.1717 38.7545 11.8147 41.1273 9.02452C43.9394 5.71117 47.147 2.703 50.75 0L54.5727 3.53134C53.7818 4.0545 52.8152 4.88283 51.6727 6.01635C50.6182 7.14986 49.6076 8.50136 48.6409 10.0708C47.7621 11.5531 46.9712 13.1226 46.2682 14.7793C45.653 16.436 45.3455 18.049 45.3455 19.6185C45.3455 20.6649 46.0045 21.5368 47.3227 22.2343C48.6409 22.9319 50.0909 23.8038 51.6727 24.8501C53.2545 25.8965 54.7045 27.248 56.0227 28.9046C57.3409 30.4741 58 32.6975 58 35.5749C58 37.3188 57.6485 38.9319 56.9455 40.4142C56.2424 41.8965 55.2758 43.2044 54.0455 44.3379C52.903 45.4714 51.5409 46.3869 49.9591 47.0845C48.4651 47.6948 46.9273 48 45.3455 48Z\"\r\n                                  fill=\"#049BE5\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5b7\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Calibration, Traceability, and Quality Assurance<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p>Ensuring measurement accuracy is achieved through the use of certified roughness standards such as MAHR MSS3 or HALLE KNT. Traceability of measurement results to international standards is a prerequisite for reliable quality assurance. Regular calibration of the measurement systems and documentation of measurement uncertainty ensure the validity and reliability of the results.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5be\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Evaluation and Interpretation of Measurement Results<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p>After measurement, the surface data are analyzed using specialized software. Programs such as MountainsMap\u00ae offer extensive options for analyzing and visualizing the measurement data. Sources of error can be minimized through proper sample preparation and adherence to standards. The interpretation of the measurement results depends on the intended application and the specific requirements for the surface.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5c0\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Practical Examples and Case Studies<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p data-start=\"37\" data-end=\"341\">The application of roughness measurement spans the automotive industry, medical technology, and mechanical engineering. In automotive manufacturing, for example, cylinder running surfaces are checked for suitability, while in medical technology, implants are examined for the desired surface structure.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"343\" data-end=\"567\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In the field of additive manufacturing, the surface quality of 3D-printed components can be reliably determined. Challenges often lie in selecting the appropriate system and integrating it into existing production processes.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5c2\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Future Trends and Innovations<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p>The development of roughness measurement is moving toward digitization and automation. Integrating measurement systems with production processes enables continuous monitoring of surface quality. Artificial intelligence supports the analysis of large data sets and contributes to the optimization of manufacturing workflows. Inline measurement is increasingly becoming the standard in industrial quality assurance.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5c4\" data-type=\"quote\">\r\n\r\n                                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockQuote\">\r\n                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockQuoteText\">\r\n                                Note: Advances in measurement systems continue to drive automation and efficiency in industrial quality assurance.                            <\/div>\r\n                                                                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"58\" height=\"48\" viewBox=\"0 0 58 48\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                            <path d=\"M12.9182 47.7384C8.96364 47.7384 5.8 46.2997 3.42727 43.4223C1.14242 40.4578 0 36.97 0 32.9591C0 29.6458 0.615151 26.5504 1.84545 23.673C3.07576 20.7956 4.61364 18.1798 6.45909 15.8256C8.39242 13.4714 10.4136 11.4223 12.5227 9.67847C14.7197 7.84741 16.7409 6.32153 18.5864 5.10082C20.4318 3.79292 21.9258 2.83379 23.0682 2.22343C24.2985 1.61308 24.8697 1.3079 24.7818 1.3079L27.8136 5.3624C27.0227 5.71117 25.9682 6.40872 24.65 7.45504C23.3318 8.41417 22.0136 9.59128 20.6955 10.9864C19.4652 12.3815 18.3667 13.9074 17.4 15.564C16.4333 17.1335 15.95 18.6594 15.95 20.1417C15.95 21.0136 16.4773 21.8856 17.5318 22.7575C18.5864 23.5422 19.7288 24.5014 20.9591 25.6349C22.1894 26.6812 23.3318 27.9891 24.3864 29.5586C25.4409 31.0409 25.9682 32.8719 25.9682 35.0518C25.9682 36.97 25.5727 38.7139 24.7818 40.2834C24.0788 41.8529 23.1121 43.2044 21.8818 44.3379C20.7394 45.3842 19.3773 46.2125 17.7955 46.8229C16.2136 47.4332 14.5879 47.7384 12.9182 47.7384ZM45.3455 48C43.3242 48 41.4788 47.564 39.8091 46.6921C38.1394 45.8202 36.6894 44.6431 35.4591 43.1608C34.2288 41.6785 33.2621 39.9782 32.5591 38.0599C31.9439 36.0545 31.6364 33.9183 31.6364 31.6512C31.6364 27.1172 32.603 22.9319 34.5364 19.0954C36.5576 15.1717 38.7545 11.8147 41.1273 9.02452C43.9394 5.71117 47.147 2.703 50.75 0L54.5727 3.53134C53.7818 4.0545 52.8152 4.88283 51.6727 6.01635C50.6182 7.14986 49.6076 8.50136 48.6409 10.0708C47.7621 11.5531 46.9712 13.1226 46.2682 14.7793C45.653 16.436 45.3455 18.049 45.3455 19.6185C45.3455 20.6649 46.0045 21.5368 47.3227 22.2343C48.6409 22.9319 50.0909 23.8038 51.6727 24.8501C53.2545 25.8965 54.7045 27.248 56.0227 28.9046C57.3409 30.4741 58 32.6975 58 35.5749C58 37.3188 57.6485 38.9319 56.9455 40.4142C56.2424 41.8965 55.2758 43.2044 54.0455 44.3379C52.903 45.4714 51.5409 46.3869 49.9591 47.0845C48.4651 47.6948 46.9273 48 45.3455 48Z\"\r\n                                  fill=\"#049BE5\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5c8\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle headline_default headline_h2\">\r\n                        <h2>Modern Optical Solutions from GBS<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c5c9\" data-type=\"image\">\r\n\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockImage\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockImageSingle\">\r\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"910\" height=\"794\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/forschung-smartwli-nimbus8.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Produktfoto des\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/forschung-smartwli-nimbus8.png 910w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/forschung-smartwli-nimbus8-300x262.png 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/forschung-smartwli-nimbus8-768x670.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c64f\" data-type=\"text\">\r\n\r\n                                                                                    <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockText text_default\">\r\n                        <p data-start=\"37\" data-end=\"254\">GBS offers modern solutions for roughness measurement based on optical technology. The smartWLI system uses white-light interferometry and GPU-based data processing to enable high-speed, high-precision measurements.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"482\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">The systems can be used in laboratory environments, production, and for inline inspections. By combining innovative technology with flexible integration, these measurement systems are suitable for a wide range of applications.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/contact\/\"><b>contact our team<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlock \" id=\"69e34bd19c651\" data-type=\"faq\">\r\n\r\n                                        <!-- FAQ block -->\r\n                                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockTitle ArticleMultiConContentBlockFAQ  multi-block-space headline-32 headline_h2\">\r\n                    <h2>FAQ<\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockFaq\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"faq-item\" data-faq-item itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\"\r\n                             itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\r\n                            <div class=\"faq-question\"\r\n                                 role=\"button\"\r\n                                 tabindex=\"0\"\r\n                                 aria-expanded=\"false\"\r\n                                 data-faq-toggle\r\n                                 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n                                <span class=\"faq-question__text\">How is surface roughness measured?<\/span>\r\n\r\n                                <svg class=\"faq-icon faq-icon--plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\"\r\n                                     height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                                    <path d=\"M8 16H24M16 24V8\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\r\n                                          stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <svg class=\"faq-icon faq-icon--minus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\"\r\n                                     height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                                    <path d=\"M8 16H24\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\r\n                                          stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"faq-answer\" hidden data-faq-panel itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\"\r\n                                 itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n                                <div itemprop=\"text\">\r\n                                    <p>Roughness is measured either tactilely with a diamond stylus or optically using light interferometry or confocal techniques. The choice of method depends on the surface structure and the required level of precision.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"faq-item\" data-faq-item itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\"\r\n                             itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\r\n                            <div class=\"faq-question\"\r\n                                 role=\"button\"\r\n                                 tabindex=\"0\"\r\n                                 aria-expanded=\"false\"\r\n                                 data-faq-toggle\r\n                                 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n                                <span class=\"faq-question__text\">In which areas is roughness measurement essential?<\/span>\r\n\r\n                                <svg class=\"faq-icon faq-icon--plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\"\r\n                                     height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                                    <path d=\"M8 16H24M16 24V8\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\r\n                                          stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <svg class=\"faq-icon faq-icon--minus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\"\r\n                                     height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                                    <path d=\"M8 16H24\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\r\n                                          stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"faq-answer\" hidden data-faq-panel itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\"\r\n                                 itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n                                <div itemprop=\"text\">\r\n                                    <p>Roughness measurement is indispensable in the automotive industry, mechanical engineering, medical technology, as well as in the production of semiconductors and precision components. It is used wherever surface properties are critical for function and durability.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"faq-item\" data-faq-item itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\"\r\n                             itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\r\n                            <div class=\"faq-question\"\r\n                                 role=\"button\"\r\n                                 tabindex=\"0\"\r\n                                 aria-expanded=\"false\"\r\n                                 data-faq-toggle\r\n                                 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n                                <span class=\"faq-question__text\">What are the advantages of optical solutions for roughness measurement?<\/span>\r\n\r\n                                <svg class=\"faq-icon faq-icon--plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\"\r\n                                     height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                                    <path d=\"M8 16H24M16 24V8\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\r\n                                          stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <svg class=\"faq-icon faq-icon--minus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\"\r\n                                     height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                                    <path d=\"M8 16H24\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\r\n                                          stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"faq-answer\" hidden data-faq-panel itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\"\r\n                                 itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n                                <div itemprop=\"text\">\r\n                                    <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Optical solutions operate without contact and are particularly suitable for sensitive or highly polished surfaces. They allow fast, large-area, and precise measurements with high-quality data.<\/span><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                    <nav id=\"post-toc\" class=\"is-hidden\">\r\n                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuTitle\">\r\n                    Contents                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItems\">\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5a3\">\r\n                            Fundamentals of Surface Structure                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5a7\">\r\n                            Functional Significance of Surface Roughness                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5ad\">\r\n                            Key parameters and their significance                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5b0\">\r\n                            Comparison of Surface Measurement Methods                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5b2\">\r\n                            Selection of the Appropriate Measurement Method                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5b7\">\r\n                            Calibration, Traceability, and Quality Assurance                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5be\">\r\n                            Evaluation and Interpretation of Measurement Results                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5c0\">\r\n                            Practical Examples and Case Studies                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5c2\">\r\n                            Future Trends and Innovations                        <\/a>\r\n                                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ArticleMultiConContentBlockMenuItem\" href=\"#69e34bd19c5c8\">\r\n                            Modern Optical Solutions from GBS                     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class=\"products-slider__slider products-slider_js\">\r\n                            <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-4819 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-knowledge-tips\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/lateral-resolution-of-a-profilometer\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/laterale-Aufloesung-Profilometer-768x278.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Messbeispiel laterale Aufl\u00f6sung Profilometer\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/laterale-Aufloesung-Profilometer-768x278.png 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/laterale-Aufloesung-Profilometer-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/laterale-Aufloesung-Profilometer.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-11-03T15:48:00+01:00\">\r\n                                                        03\/11\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    Knowledge &amp; Tips\t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/lateral-resolution-of-a-profilometer\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Requirements for the Lateral Resolution of a Profilometer<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                    Optical profilometry has advanced rapidly in recent years. While it was once primarily evaluated by how well it&#8230;                                                <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/lateral-resolution-of-a-profilometer\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5156 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/contactless-measurement\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard-768x192.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard-768x192.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard-300x75.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-24T16:45:15+02:00\">\r\n                                                        24\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/contactless-measurement\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">How Contactless Measurement Improves Industrial Processes<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/contactless-measurement\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5157 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/optical-3d-sensors\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/firebold8_application_sample-768x384.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Applikationsstichprobenmessung des Hochgeschwindigkeitssensor f\u00fcr Produktionsumgebungen smartWLI firebolt8\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/firebold8_application_sample-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/firebold8_application_sample-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/firebold8_application_sample-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/firebold8_application_sample-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/firebold8_application_sample-2048x1024.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-22T16:37:20+02:00\">\r\n                                                        22\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/optical-3d-sensors\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Optical 3D Sensors: Advantages and Applications<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/optical-3d-sensors\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5158 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/precision-vs-accuracy-surfaces-measurable\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/MIKRO-KRISTALLINE-SIC-OBERFLAeCHE-768x384.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Beispielmessung einer Mikro-Kristallinen SIC Oberfl\u00e4che\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/MIKRO-KRISTALLINE-SIC-OBERFLAeCHE-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/MIKRO-KRISTALLINE-SIC-OBERFLAeCHE-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/MIKRO-KRISTALLINE-SIC-OBERFLAeCHE.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-20T16:28:47+02:00\">\r\n                                                        20\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/precision-vs-accuracy-surfaces-measurable\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Precision vs. Accuracy: How Modern 3D Profilers Make Surfaces Measurable<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/precision-vs-accuracy-surfaces-measurable\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5159 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/measurement-system-analysis\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polished_steel_surface-768x384.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Application example polished steel surface\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polished_steel_surface-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polished_steel_surface-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polished_steel_surface-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polished_steel_surface-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/polished_steel_surface-2048x1024.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-17T16:14:41+02:00\">\r\n                                                        17\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/measurement-system-analysis\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Measurement System Analysis: How Companies Ensure Precise Results<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/measurement-system-analysis\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5160 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/surface-roughness\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"271\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ap_gpscanner-768x325.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Application example smartWLI GBScanner\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ap_gpscanner-768x325.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ap_gpscanner-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ap_gpscanner-1024x434.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ap_gpscanner-1536x651.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ap_gpscanner-2048x868.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-15T16:04:25+02:00\">\r\n                                                        15\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/surface-roughness\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Surface Roughness: Modern Measurement Techniques and Applications<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/surface-roughness\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5161 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/interferometry-metrology\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/compact_1-768x333.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Application example smartWI compact\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/compact_1-768x333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/compact_1-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/compact_1-1024x443.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/compact_1-1536x665.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/compact_1-2048x887.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-13T15:25:45+02:00\">\r\n                                                        13\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/interferometry-metrology\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Interferometry: Metrology for Precise Surface Analysis<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/interferometry-metrology\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-5162 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/tactile-measurement\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard-768x192.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard-768x192.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard-300x75.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/HalleStandard.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-10T15:07:38+02:00\">\r\n                                                        10\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/tactile-measurement\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Tactile Measurement: A Detailed Overview<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/tactile-measurement\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-4637 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-company-insights\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/sustainability-at-gbs\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/GBS-kilmaschutz-Photovoltaik-768x794.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Photovoltaic Systems on the Roof of GBS metrology GmbH\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/GBS-kilmaschutz-Photovoltaik-768x794.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/GBS-kilmaschutz-Photovoltaik-290x300.jpg 290w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/GBS-kilmaschutz-Photovoltaik.jpg 991w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-10-07T16:16:50+02:00\">\r\n                                                        07\/10\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    Company &amp; Insights\t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/sustainability-at-gbs\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Sustainable into the Future: GBS metrology Puts Photovoltaic System into Operation<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/sustainability-at-gbs\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12.4447H20.33\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg>\r\n                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/article>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                        <article class=\"blog-card post-4882 blog type-blog status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\">\r\n                                                                                            <figure class=\"blog-card__img\">\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/optical-3d-profiler-roughness-measurement\/\">\r\n                                                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/optische-Rauheitsmessung-768x222.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Messbeispiel optische Rauheitsmessung\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/optische-Rauheitsmessung-768x222.png 768w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/optische-Rauheitsmessung-300x87.png 300w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/optische-Rauheitsmessung-1024x296.png 1024w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/optische-Rauheitsmessung-1536x444.png 1536w, https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/optische-Rauheitsmessung.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>                                                    <\/a>\r\n                                                <\/figure>\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"blog-card__wrap\">\r\n                                                <header>\r\n                                                    <time datetime=\"2025-09-23T10:09:00+02:00\">\r\n                                                        23\/09\/2025                                                    <\/time>\r\n                                                    <span class=\"blog-card__cat\">\r\n                                                    \t\t\t\t\t                            <\/span>\r\n                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/optical-3d-profiler-roughness-measurement\/\" class=\"blog-card__title\">Optical 3D Profiler for Roughness Measurement<\/a>\r\n                                                <\/header>\r\n\r\n                                                <p class=\"blog-card__content\">\r\n                                                                                                    <\/p>\r\n                                                <a class=\"btn-link btn-link_primary blog-card__link\" href=\"https:\/\/gbs-metrology.com\/en\/blog\/optical-3d-profiler-roughness-measurement\/\">\r\n                                                    Read more                                                    <svg width=\"24\" height=\"25\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 25\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M14.4297 6.37476L20.4997 12.4448L14.4297 18.5148\" stroke=\"#049BE5\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" 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